Sail-boat



t e e h S s t Bu w M 9w D R A Dr R A G L m d O M 0 W SAIL BOAT.

No. 313,664. Patented Mar. 10, 1885.

WITNESSES INVENTOR ATTORNEYS.

N. PETERS. Pqmo-uum n ner, Washington. ac.

(No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 2.

I. GARRARD.

SAIL BOAT.

No. 313,664. Patented Mar. 10; 1885.

INVENTOR:

Jam. BY Mwwfgg ATTORNEYS.

NlTFlD STATES Farmer @rrien.

ISRAEL GARRARD, OF FRONTENAC, MINNESOTA.

SAM.-

BOAT.

rSPECIFECATIQN forming part of Letters Patent No. 313,664, dated March10, 1.885.

Applicalion filed August 1, 1884.

To all whom it 'may concern.-

Be it known that I, ISRAEL GARRARD, of Frontenac, in the county ofGoodhue and State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Yachts and Sail-Boats of the Shallow-Model orCenter-Board Type, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription.

The object of myinvention is to provide certain new andusefulimprovementsin that class of yachts or sail-boats known as theshallow model or center-board type, whereby the roominess .andconvenience of the boat are increased by the removal of the center-boardtrunk from the boat. A further objectis to avoid the necessity ofloading the boat with ballast, so that the draft is deeper than the mostdesirable sailing-lines; and another object is to avoid the necessity ofusing sand-bags and a crew to handle them to the windward, and toaccomplish these results by a device which will perform the functions ofthe otdi: nary center-board in preventing leeway, and will also performthe functions of the fixed ballast used for its weight and the functionsof the shifting ballast used for its power of leverage, by its increaseof the mechanical power of leverage as the boat is careened by thesailpressure. p,

The invention consists in a web or device of suitable area to preventleeway and of theleast thickness compatible with the strength of thematerial, which web or device is firmly held to the hull of the boat byflanges and bolts of suffieient strength, and is provided at or near thelower edge with such an enlargement that the entire web or devicewillhave sufficient weight to draw the beat down to the desired lines offlotation. The said web is to be of any desired form, and theenlargement at the lower edge of the web may also be of any desiredform, thus securing the greatest preponderance of weight at the greatestpossible length of leverage. The enlargement is to be made integral withthe web and flanges by casting the e11- largement, web, and flanges inone piece; or the said enlargement can be secured to the web by means ofstraps, or in any other suitable manner, and the web or device and theenlargement may be made of metal, or metal and wood combined.

' Reference is to be had to the accompanying (No model.)

| drawings, forming part of this specification, in which similar lettersof reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure lis a cross-sectional elevation of a boat provided with myimproved ballast-fin made of cast metal and held on the keelson. Fig. 2is a cross-sectional, elevation of a boat, showing the ballast-finconstructed of metal parts and hung in the floor-timbers. Figs. 3, 4, 5,and 6 show side views of some of the different possible forms of myimproved ballast-fin, all indicating a combination of the greatestweight with the largest leverage, and with an area sufficient to preventor reduce leeway.

The ballastfin A B O consistsof the web A, the enlargement B at thebottom edge of the web, and the flanges O at the top edge of the web,cast in one piece and firmly secured to the bottom of the boat by boltspassed through the keel D to the keelson D. The cross-section of theenlargement B may be circular, conical, pyriform, or guttate, with theends or edges of the enlargement and web beveled fore and aft, asdesired, the objects to be attained being to secure the greatestpracticable weight at the greatest practicable leverage and ease ofmovement through the water. In case the ballastfin is made of castmetal, the enlargement and flanges are made integral with the web, asshown in Fig. 1; or the enlargement can consist of a separate bar firmlyheld to the bottom edge of a sheet of metal or other web. The web isthen held to the hull by anglestraps and bolts which pass through thefloortimbers, as shown in Fig. 2. If desired, the web may also be madeof wood. The ballast fin may be attached to the boat in whatever theweight and leverage, these factors depending on the depth and weight ofthe ballast-fin.

Fig. 3 shows aparallelogram form of the fin; Figs. 4 and 5, triangularforms, and Fig. 6 a semicircular form, all of them carrying the greatestpracticable weight at the lowest practicable point, and all having areassufficient to prevent or diminish leeway.

All the figures from 1 to 6 present the same quality of increasingmechanical power to maintainstability as the increase of sail-pressurecareens the boat from the perpendicular.

The mechanical power of leverage, which increases with the demand forit, isimponderamanner will successfully resist the strain of ble, anddoes'not load the boat, as would the fixed or other-ballast necessary toaccomplish the same results of stability.

A further improvement over fixed orstowed 5 ballast is, that the Wholepower of the ballast device, as shown. is effective both by the force ofgravity and the leverage to maintain stability, Whereas a largepercentage of fixed ballast contributes by the force of gravityto in- [Ostability when by careening of the boat it is on the lower side.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

In a vessel or boat, the continuous flexible r 5 or yielding fin orplate secured to the bottom of the vessel or boat, said plate or finhaving at its lower longitudinal edge a solid enlargement ofapproximately conical form, with its convergent surface uniting andforming one 20 piece with said plate or fin, substantially as and forthe purpose set forth.

ISRAEL. GARRARD.

Witnesses: I

WM. SCHNEIDER, H. LORENTZEN.

